The time is ripe for the development of architectural shading

"Open the window and let the moon in..." This is a beautiful love song, but I am afraid that in the sun when the day, hot summer or cold winter, people are more closed doors and windows. In order to block the sun, people at all times and in all over the world have thought of various ways, using large eaves, large slope roofs, wide corridors, large balconies, shutters and so on.
Although building shading has a history of one or two decades in China, with the increasing attention to building energy conservation, shading, an important technical means of building energy conservation, has only shown a vitality in the past five or six years. How to understand the role of shading in building energy efficiency? What problems are still facing the development of building shading? How to solve them? With these problems, recently, the reporter interviewed Duan Kai, deputy chief engineer of Beijing Zhongjian Building Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., who participated in the compilation of many national building shading standards.
European countries are developing fast and there are many applications in the south of China.
In fact, architectural shading has become commonplace in our daily lives. Duan Kai said, "The embryonic form of architectural shading is actually curtains. The old-fashioned sunshade window panels in southern China are a traditional way of shading."
She pointed out that as building energy conservation is put on the agenda, building shading is also getting more and more attention. Building shading not only blocks sunlight, reduces air conditioning energy consumption in summer, and reduces heating energy consumption in winter, but also has multiple effects such as using natural lighting to save lighting energy consumption, improve indoor thermal comfort and visual comfort, and adjust ventilation.
Data show that China's annual energy consumption caused by external windows accounts for 20% to 45% of the total energy consumption of buildings. In cold areas, the building energy consumption generated by heat transfer through external windows accounts for 23% ~ 25% of the total building energy consumption, and the building energy consumption caused by air penetration through doors and windows accounts for 22% ~ 37% of the total building energy consumption. The use of shading facilities can save about 25% of electricity for air conditioning, and buildings with good shading can improve the insulation performance of external windows and save about 10% of building heating energy. Some experts pointed out that if half of my country's buildings use outdoor shading in 2020, it can save more than 0.1 billion tons of quasi-coal each year, which is more than 4% of the country's total energy consumption.
In order to learn the advanced experience of foreign countries, Duan Kai, who once went abroad for investigation, introduced that the application of architectural sunshade in European and American countries is very common. France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany and other countries are generally used in the construction of shading. Especially in the villages of Germany and Switzerland, almost every household uses shade. Although China has also made some progress, it uses more in the south and less in the north. As the glass curtain wall of public buildings in China has a shading coefficient, in order to meet the standard, shading must be adopted, so public buildings in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and other public buildings also use relatively more shading.
Standard establishment industry growth and development time is ripe
At present, my country is in the "Public Building Energy-saving Design Standards", "Residential Building Energy-saving Design Standards in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Areas", "Residential Energy-saving Design Standards in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Areas", "Civil Building Thermal Design Code", "Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning" There are clear regulations and requirements for building shading in standards and specifications such as the Design Code.
In recent years, China has been vigorously promoting the construction of sunshade standard system. At present, 26 product standards have been established, 18 have been issued and 8 are being compiled. Recently, the architectural sunshade industry standard "Technical Code for Architectural Sunshade Engineering" co-edited by the Building Energy Conservation Branch of the China Construction Industry Association and Beijing China Construction Architectural Research Institute Co., Ltd. was announced as my country's architectural sunshade engineering technical standard, which clearly stipulates the building The technical requirements for the design, construction, installation, acceptance and maintenance of the shading project are scientific, practical and coordinated.
Duan Kai introduced that my country's building shading standard system is constantly being established and improved, laying the foundation for better application of building shading in engineering. In addition, many provinces and cities in the south have also issued mandatory standards for building shading, requiring external shading to be used on all three walls except the north side of the building. Although China's cold areas also have relevant standards, but only recommended to do, not mandatory.
She said, "The development of architectural sunshade in China must take a road of compulsory by standards, and then gradually improve and standardize. If it is not popularized by compulsory standards, it is not feasible to directly regulate."
For more than ten years, with the steady development of building shading applications, China's building shading industry is also in the ascendant, more and more enterprises. Duan Kai introduced that at present, there are 2000 to 3000 sunshade enterprises in my country, and there are more than 100 large-scale ones. The number is quite large, and the technical level is constantly improving. With the continuous improvement of the standard system, the continuous growth of the industrial scale, the continuous improvement of the technical level, and the reduction of product prices, the time for the development of building shading in China has become more and more mature.
Popularization of the application of the problem concept change is the key
In recent years, shading this energy-saving way in various large-scale public buildings in China has gradually been practiced and applied. The "one axis and four pavilions" of the Shanghai World Expo and the Shanghai Ecological Home have adopted different shading methods such as external shading, internal shading and solar shading. However, compared with western countries, China started late and developed slowly. With the continuous popularization and application, it will also face various problems.
Duan Kai pointed out that at present, there are still a series of problems in the development and application of building shading in China, such as lack of government support, less application in the north, more private enterprises and foreign enterprises, and most of the products exported abroad. In addition, the current implementation of China's shading standards is not in place. Although the relevant standards require shading to be taken into account at the design stage, the implementation is not very good for various reasons.
She said: "Windows are an important part of building energy efficiency. Foreign windows not only take into account the integration of lighting and shading systems with buildings, but also take into account rain guidance measures, as well as practicality and beauty. It is a very sophisticated system. However, our country has just started, whether it is the product or the combination with the construction, it is not as meticulous as foreign countries, and the consideration is not as thoughtful as foreign countries. Many buildings only install sunshade devices during the construction stage, and there is no reserved installation location for sunshade devices during design, which is very ugly."
"The important reason why there are so many gaps is in concept. At present, few people in our country are aware of the role and importance of shading, and their understanding of architectural shading is also very superficial, thinking that it is just hanging a curtain. Therefore, our country's building shade is enforced by the government, and foreign countries are spontaneous to do. In the long run, the development prospect of building sunshade in our country is definitely getting better and better. But the transformation of the concept of the government and the people still needs a process." Duan Kai said.
In addition, the popularization of architectural shading is also related to people's living habits. Duan Kai believes that behavioral energy conservation is an important part of building energy conservation, and further publicity is needed to let the public understand the importance and role of shading.

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